Blueprint: a profinite presentation of the absolute Galois group of ℚ₂

8. A minimal non-scalar module layer in the wild kernel🔗

Lemma8.1
Group: A minimal non-scalar module layer in the wild kernel (3)
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L∃∀N

Lemma 7.1 of the paper (Simple head).

There is an exact sequence of \F_2[C]-modules

0\to T\to M\to V\to0,

and

T=\rad_{\F_2[C]}M, \qquad M/T\cong V, \qquad (M^\vee)^C=0.

Lean code for Lemma8.13 theorems
  • theoremdefined in GQ2/SectionSeven/Basic.lean
    complete
    theorem GQ2.SectionSeven.lemma_7_1_head {Y : Type} [Group Y] [Finite Y]
      {L : Subgroup Y} (B : GQ2.SectionSeven.MinimalBlock L) :
      B.frattiniK  B.K  B.S
    theorem GQ2.SectionSeven.lemma_7_1_head {Y : Type}
      [Group Y] [Finite Y] {L : Subgroup Y}
      (B : GQ2.SectionSeven.MinimalBlock L) :
      B.frattiniK  B.K  B.S
    **Lemma 7.1, head clause** — recorded in its load-bearing form `R ≤ K ∩ S` (the paper's
    "Since `K/(K∩S) ≅ V` is elementary abelian, `R ≤ K∩S`; the displayed sequence follows"): given
    `gen : K ⊔ S = P`, the exact sequence `0 → T₀ → M → V → 0` and the head identification
    `M/T₀ ≅ V` are then the second isomorphism theorem
    (`QuotientGroup.quotientInfEquivProdNormalQuotient`), which Mathlib supplies — so the inclusion
    is the §7-specific content.  [the §§6–7 statement; proof the §§6–7 proof layer.] 
  • theoremdefined in GQ2/SectionSeven/Basic.lean
    complete
    theorem GQ2.SectionSeven.lemma_7_1_radical {Y : Type} [Group Y] [Finite Y]
      {L : Subgroup Y} (B : GQ2.SectionSeven.MinimalBlock L)
      (X : Subgroup Y) (hX : X.Normal) (_hRX : B.frattiniK  X)
      (hXK : X < B.K)
      (hmax :
         (X' : Subgroup Y), X'.Normal  X < X'  X'  B.K  X' = B.K) :
      X = B.K  B.S  B.frattiniK
    theorem GQ2.SectionSeven.lemma_7_1_radical
      {Y : Type} [Group Y] [Finite Y]
      {L : Subgroup Y}
      (B : GQ2.SectionSeven.MinimalBlock L)
      (X : Subgroup Y) (hX : X.Normal)
      (_hRX : B.frattiniK  X) (hXK : X < B.K)
      (hmax :
         (X' : Subgroup Y),
          X'.Normal 
            X < X'  X'  B.K  X' = B.K) :
      X = B.K  B.S  B.frattiniK
    **Lemma 7.1, radical clause**: `T₀ = (K ∩ S)·R` is the unique maximal `Y`-normal subgroup
    of `K` above `R` — i.e. `T₀ = rad_{𝔽₂[C]} M` and `M/T₀` is the unique simple head.
    [the §§6–7 statement; proof the §§6–7 proof layer: the head clause collapses the right-hand side to `K ⊓ S`; the
    chief dichotomy on `X ⊔ S` then leaves two branches — `= P` dies by `K`'s minimality, `= S`
    pins `X = K ⊓ S` by `X`'s maximality (a strict inclusion would force `K ≤ S`, hence `P = S`).
    Stated after the head clause, which it consumes.] 
  • theoremdefined in GQ2/SectionSeven/Basic.lean
    complete
    theorem GQ2.SectionSeven.lemma_7_1_dual {Y : Type} [Group Y] {L : Subgroup Y}
      (B : GQ2.SectionSeven.MinimalBlock L) :
      ¬ X,
          X.Normal 
            B.frattiniK  X  X  B.K  (X.subgroupOf B.K).index = 2
    theorem GQ2.SectionSeven.lemma_7_1_dual {Y : Type}
      [Group Y] {L : Subgroup Y}
      (B : GQ2.SectionSeven.MinimalBlock L) :
      ¬ X,
          X.Normal 
            B.frattiniK  X 
              X  B.K 
                (X.subgroupOf B.K).index = 2
    **Lemma 7.1, dual-invariants clause**: `(M^∨)^C = 0` — `K` has no `Y`-normal subgroup of
    index 2 above `R` (a nonzero invariant functional on `M` would be its kernel).
    [the §§6–7 statement; proof the §§6–7 proof layer — chief-dichotomy on `X ⊔ S` + minimality; the `X ⊔ S = S` branch
    pins `|P/S| = 2`, whence the `Y`-action mod `S` is trivial, contradicting `nontrivial_action`.
    Finiteness-free.] 
Lemma8.2
Group: A minimal non-scalar module layer in the wild kernel (3)
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Lemma 8.1
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Lemma 7.2 of the paper (Frattini–centralizer collapse).

The subgroup R is central elementary abelian in K, and K^4=1.

Lean code for Lemma8.21 theorem
  • theoremdefined in GQ2/SectionSeven/Decorations.lean
    complete
    theorem GQ2.SectionSeven.lemma_7_2 {Y : Type} [Group Y] [Finite Y]
      {L : Subgroup Y} {H : Type} [Group H] [TopologicalSpace H]
      [DiscreteTopology H] [Finite H] (π : Y →* H) :
      Function.Surjective π 
        π.ker = L 
           (cH : GQ2.Ttame.toProfinite.toTop →ₜ* H),
            Function.Surjective cH 
               (B : GQ2.SectionSeven.MinimalBlock L),
                (∀ r  B.frattiniK,  k  B.K, r * k = k * r) 
                  (∀ r  B.frattiniK, r * r = 1)   k  B.K, k ^ 4 = 1
    theorem GQ2.SectionSeven.lemma_7_2 {Y : Type}
      [Group Y] [Finite Y] {L : Subgroup Y}
      {H : Type} [Group H]
      [TopologicalSpace H]
      [DiscreteTopology H] [Finite H]
      (π : Y →* H) :
      Function.Surjective π 
        π.ker = L 
          
            (cH :
              GQ2.Ttame.toProfinite.toTop →ₜ*
                H),
            Function.Surjective cH 
              
                (B :
                  GQ2.SectionSeven.MinimalBlock
                    L),
                (∀ r  B.frattiniK,
                     k  B.K,
                      r * k = k * r) 
                  (∀ r  B.frattiniK,
                      r * r = 1) 
                     k  B.K, k ^ 4 = 1
    **Lemma 7.2**: for a tame head (the target's head map factors through `GQ2.Ttame`),
    `R = Φ(K)` is central elementary abelian in `K`, and `K⁴ = 1`.  [the §§6–7 statement; proof the §§6–7 proof layer
    (odd Hall lift + three-subgroup lemma + the `G`-equivariant fourth-power map).] 
Proof for Lemma 8.2

Proved in §7 of the paper. Ingredients: Lemma 8.1.

Lemma8.3
Group: A minimal non-scalar module layer in the wild kernel (3)
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Lemma 7.3 of the paper (Decorations vanish on the block).

Every homomorphism from Y to an elementary abelian 2-group vanishes on K.

Lean code for Lemma8.31 theorem
  • theoremdefined in GQ2/SectionSeven/Decorations.lean
    complete
    theorem GQ2.SectionSeven.lemma_7_3 {Y : Type} [Group Y] {L : Subgroup Y}
      (B : GQ2.SectionSeven.MinimalBlock L) {E : Type} [CommGroup E]
      (hE :  (e : E), e ^ 2 = 1) (f : Y →* E) : B.K  f.ker
    theorem GQ2.SectionSeven.lemma_7_3 {Y : Type}
      [Group Y] {L : Subgroup Y}
      (B : GQ2.SectionSeven.MinimalBlock L)
      {E : Type} [CommGroup E]
      (hE :  (e : E), e ^ 2 = 1)
      (f : Y →* E) : B.K  f.ker
    **Lemma 7.3 (decorations vanish on the block)**: every homomorphism from `Y` to an
    elementary abelian 2-group kills `K` (via Lemma 7.1's dual clause).  The frame decorations
    `θ_Y` of `GQ2.MarkedTarget` are such homomorphisms.  [the §§6–7 statement; proof the §§6–7 proof layer: a nonzero
    value `f k₀ ≠ 1` yields — through the `𝔽₂`-module structure on `Additive E` and a separating
    dual functional — a `C₂`-character of `Y` nontrivial on `K` and killing `R`, whose kernel meets
    `K` in a `Y`-normal index-2 subgroup above `R`, contradicting `lemma_7_1_dual`.
    Finiteness-free.] 
Proof for Lemma 8.3

Proved in §7 of the paper. Ingredients: Lemma 8.1.

Proposition8.4
Group: A minimal non-scalar module layer in the wild kernel (3)
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Proposition 7.4 of the paper (Simple-head determinant).

For every 0\ne\lambda\in \mathcal X_R,

q_\lambda|_{T}=0, \qquad b_\lambda(T,M)=0.

Hence q_\lambda descends to a nonzero nonsingular C-invariant quadratic form

\ol q_\lambda:V\to\F_2.

Lean code for Proposition8.43 declarations, 1 missing
  • GQ2.SectionSeven.lam_sq_vanishmissing declaration
    declaration not found (name was not present during directive/code-block registration)
  • theoremdefined in GQ2/SectionSeven/Prop74.lean
    complete
    theorem GQ2.SectionSeven.prop_7_4 {Y : Type} [Group Y] [Finite Y]
      {L : Subgroup Y} {H : Type} [Group H] [TopologicalSpace H]
      [DiscreteTopology H] [Finite H] (π : Y →* H)
      ( : Function.Surjective π) (hkerπ : π.ker = L)
      (cH : GQ2.Ttame.toProfinite.toTop →ₜ* H)
      (hcH : Function.Surjective cH) (B : GQ2.SectionSeven.MinimalBlock L)
      (hRN : B.frattiniK.Normal) (hsq :  k  B.K, k * k  B.frattiniK)
      (lam : B.frattiniK  ZMod 2)
      (hlam_hom :  (r r' : B.frattiniK), lam (r * r') = lam r + lam r')
      (hlam_conj :
         (y r : Y) (hr : r  B.frattiniK),
          lam y * r * y⁻¹,  = lam r, hr)
      (hlam_ne : lam  0) :
       qbar,
        (∀ (k : Y) (hk : k  B.K), lam k * k,  = qbar k, ) 
          qbar  0 
             (y p : Y) (hp : p  B.P),
              qbar y * p * y⁻¹,  = qbar p, hp
    theorem GQ2.SectionSeven.prop_7_4 {Y : Type}
      [Group Y] [Finite Y] {L : Subgroup Y}
      {H : Type} [Group H]
      [TopologicalSpace H]
      [DiscreteTopology H] [Finite H]
      (π : Y →* H)
      ( : Function.Surjective π)
      (hkerπ : π.ker = L)
      (cH :
        GQ2.Ttame.toProfinite.toTop →ₜ* H)
      (hcH : Function.Surjective cH)
      (B : GQ2.SectionSeven.MinimalBlock L)
      (hRN : B.frattiniK.Normal)
      (hsq :  k  B.K, k * k  B.frattiniK)
      (lam : B.frattiniK  ZMod 2)
      (hlam_hom :
         (r r' : B.frattiniK),
          lam (r * r') = lam r + lam r')
      (hlam_conj :
         (y r : Y) (hr : r  B.frattiniK),
          lam y * r * y⁻¹,  = lam r, hr)
      (hlam_ne : lam  0) :
       qbar,
        (∀ (k : Y) (hk : k  B.K),
            lam k * k,  = qbar k, ) 
          qbar  0 
             (y p : Y) (hp : p  B.P),
              qbar y * p * y⁻¹,  =
                qbar p, hp
    **Proposition 7.4**: for every nonzero `Y`-invariant functional `λ ∈ D_R = (R^∨)^C`, the
    pushout square map of the central extension `1 → 𝔽₂ → K_λ → M → 1` kills `T₀` and its polar
    form kills `(T₀, M)`; hence it descends to a **nonzero, nonsingular, `Y`-invariant** quadratic
    form `q̄_λ : V → 𝔽₂` on the simple head `V = P/S` — the form §8's Gauss sums live on.
    Stated with the square-map spec `λ(k²) = q̄(k mod S)` (`hsq` supplies `k² ∈ R`, Lemma 7.2's
    clause, so 7.4 is consumable independently).  The framed-target head data (as in `lemma_7_2`)
    encode §7's standing hypothesis, under which
    the paper proves 7.4; its step 2 (`q_λ|_{T₀} = 0`) consumes `H¹(H_V, V^∨) = 0`, which needs
    the tame structure and fails for general finite heads.  See `docs/section67-extraction.md`.] 
  • theoremdefined in GQ2/SectionSeven/Prop74Step1.lean
    complete
    theorem GQ2.SectionSeven.lam_comm_vanish {Y : Type} [Group Y] {L : Subgroup Y}
      (B : GQ2.SectionSeven.MinimalBlock L) (hRN : B.frattiniK.Normal)
      (lam : B.frattiniK  ZMod 2)
      (hlam_hom :  (r r' : B.frattiniK), lam (r * r') = lam r + lam r')
      (hlam_conj :
         (y r : Y) (hr : r  B.frattiniK),
          lam y * r * y⁻¹,  = lam r, hr)
      (k : Y) :
      k  B.K 
         t  B.K  B.S,
           (h : k * t * k⁻¹ * t⁻¹  B.frattiniK),
            lam k * t * k⁻¹ * t⁻¹, h = 0
    theorem GQ2.SectionSeven.lam_comm_vanish
      {Y : Type} [Group Y] {L : Subgroup Y}
      (B : GQ2.SectionSeven.MinimalBlock L)
      (hRN : B.frattiniK.Normal)
      (lam : B.frattiniK  ZMod 2)
      (hlam_hom :
         (r r' : B.frattiniK),
          lam (r * r') = lam r + lam r')
      (hlam_conj :
         (y r : Y) (hr : r  B.frattiniK),
          lam y * r * y⁻¹,  = lam r, hr)
      (k : Y) :
      k  B.K 
         t  B.K  B.S,
          
            (h :
              k * t * k⁻¹ * t⁻¹ 
                B.frattiniK),
            lam k * t * k⁻¹ * t⁻¹, h = 0
    **Prop 7.4, step 1** (`b_λ(T₀, M) = 0`): a `Y`-invariant additive `λ : R → 𝔽₂` kills every
    commutator `[k, t]`, `k ∈ K`, `t ∈ K ∩ S`.  Abstract-block proof (no tame input) — the paper's
    socle argument run at subgroup level: the right kernel `T` of the pairing
    `(k, t) ↦ λ([k, t])` is a `Y`-normal subgroup; were some `t₀ ∈ K ∩ S` outside it, the
    scalar-stack chain of `S` intersected with `K ∩ S` would have a first layer `⊄ T`, and any
    `t*` there has all its `Y`-commutators inside `T` — making `k ↦ λ([k, t*])` a nonzero
    `Y`-invariant functional on `K` killing `R`, whose kernel is a `Y`-normal index-2 subgroup of
    `K` above `R`, contradicting `lemma_7_1_dual`.